English Language glossary

A technique of making inferences by combining textual clues with background knowledge to understand information not explicitly stated.

A piece of writing that examines a topic in detail and uses researched facts to prove the writer's specific ideas.

A helping verb (e.g., be, do, have, or modals like should/would) used to form the tag or echo.

To help other people resolve an argument.

A tendency to favor one side or opinion, often indicated by exaggerated facts or lack of respect for opposing views.

Very strange or unusual.

A taste adjective for food with little flavour; its opposite in the source task is tasty.

To react as if what has happened is much worse than it is.

A pair or group of words that are habitually used together to sound natural.

To give a particular impression to other people.

A classification for species facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.

A texture adjective meaning firm and making a crisp sound when bitten.

An imaginary place where life is extremely difficult.

A short question used to show interest, surprise, or to request more information based on the previous speaker's statement.

A person or thing that is mysterious or difficult to understand.

To reveal the truth about a situation or person.

Information based on objective evidence that can be verified or checked.

False or misleading information presented as news.

Used for an activity in progress at a specific time in the future.

Grammatical structures used to express intentions, schedules, and predictions.

Used for an activity which continues up to a specific point in the future.

Used for an activity which will be completed by a specific time in the future.

The -ing form of a verb functioning as a noun.

To brush and clean fur.

To have a good relationship with someone immediately after meeting them.

A humorous or malicious deception.

A fixed phrase that has a special meaning which is different from the usual meaning of the individual words.

The state of being unable to make a choice between two or more options.

The base form of a verb preceded by 'to', often used to express purpose or after specific adjectives.

Animals that do not possess a backbone, representing over 90% of Earth's creatures.

To give someone a lot of attention.

A grammatical structure where a negative or restrictive adverbial phrase is placed at the beginning of a sentence, followed by an inverted auxiliary verb and subject.

Materials that cannot be broken down by biological processes, causing long-term environmental waste.

Remaining neutral and focused on facts rather than personal feelings.

A living being that eats both plants and animals.

An individual's subjective belief or viewpoint, often signaled by words like 'think', 'believe', or 'feel'.

The side of the debate that challenges or argues against the motion.

Used for an action in the past that was completed before another action or time in the past.

An individual who illegally catches or kills animals.

Used for an action in progress or repeated over a period of time up until now.

An object used during a presentation to support the key message and make it more memorable.

The side of the debate that supports the motion or statement.

The sense of knowing the position and movement of different body parts.

A short question added to the end of a statement to invite agreement or confirmation.

The act of presenting counterarguments to challenge the opponent's claims.

Consistently good in quality or performance; able to be trusted.

A credible publication or website (e.g., UNIDO, Time magazine) used to provide factual evidence.

Techniques used by a speaker to make language or arguments more persuasive and convincing.

A person or group that competes with others.

A person looked up to as an example to be imitated.

A taste adjective for food that is salty or not sweet.

Polite conversation about unimportant or uncontroversial matters, especially as engaged in on social occasions.

A taste adjective for food with a hot or strong flavour; its opposite in the source task is mild.

To start a relationship or a conversation with someone.

An individual with a higher density of taste buds, often resulting in a heightened sensitivity to bitter foods.

To speak to somebody angrily about something wrong that they have done.

A texture adjective meaning not runny or watery.

The opening sentence of a paragraph that states the main idea to be explained and supported.

A rhetorical technique of listing three similar things or points to increase the impact of information.

A modern story of obscure origin that is widely circulated as though it were true.

To say things in order to annoy somebody.