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ملخص 2A Grammar: Gerunds and infinitives، اللغة الإنجليزية المتقدمة

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Grammar — Gerunds and infinitives: Gerunds

  • We use the gerund after:
  • certain verbs/verbal phrases: admit, appreciate, avoid, can’t bear, suggest, understand, etc.
  • prepositions: after, before, by, for, in, on, with, without
  • verb + preposition: apologise for, succeed at/in, think about/of, etc.
  • noun + preposition: congratulations on, the idea of, a good chance of, etc.
  • adjective + preposition: famous for, good at, used to, worried about, etc.

Grammar — Gerunds and infinitives: Infinitives

  • We use the infinitive without to after:
  • modal verbs: must, can, should, could, will, etc.
  • certain verbs/verb phrases: had better, would rather, let, make

Grammar — Gerunds and infinitives: Gerund or infinitive

  • The following verbs can be followed by an infinitive or a gerund, with a difference in meaning.
  • forget + gerund: lose a memory of something you have done:
  • I will never forget seeing The Grand Canyon for the first time – what a spectacular view!
  • forget + infinitive: fail to do something because it slips your mind:
  • Caitlin forgot to tell her manager about a meeting and she is in trouble now.
  • go on + gerund: continue with the same activity:
  • Brian went on practising martial arts despite his numerous injuries.
  • go on + infinitive: start another activity after finishing something else:
  • After Frank had quit his office job, he went on to become a farmer.
  • like + gerund: to enjoy something:
  • I really like knitting – it’s so relaxing.
  • like + infinitive: to do something because it is a good idea:
  • Sometimes I just like to switch my phone off.
  • mean + gerund: involve, result in something:
  • Accepting this job meant getting up early.
  • mean + infinitive: intend to do something:
  • I meant to call you yesterday to tell you about the concert, but I completely forgot.
  • propose + gerund: suggest a plan:
  • I proposed having a garden party, but nobody liked the idea.
  • propose + infinitive: intend to do something:
  • How do you propose to resolve this problem?
  • regret + gerund: be ashamed of having done something:
  • I honestly regret lying to you.
  • regret + infinitive: feel bad about doing something at the moment of speaking:
  • We regret to inform you that your application has been rejected.
  • remember + gerund: have a memory of something you have done:
  • I remember locking the door.
  • remember + infinitive: keep something in your mind in order to do it:
  • Please remember to keep your rooms clean.
  • stop + gerund: to no longer do something:
  • I stopped drinking fizzy drinks.
  • stop + infinitive: to stop something in order to do something else:
  • We stopped to ask for directions because our Sat-Nav wasn’t working properly.
  • try + gerund: do something to see what it’s like/if it works:
  • If you’re stuck with your essay, try taking a break.
  • try + infinitive: make an effort to do something:
  • We tried to convince Mum to go on holiday in the mountains this summer, but she just loves the beach too much to change her mind.