3A Speaking Making speculations about the past, present and future

• □ I can make speculations about the past, present and future.

Aphantasia and hyperphantasia: how do they change a life?

1 Read the definitions. How might having these conditions affect a person’s life?

What examples of having aphantasia and hyperphantasia do they mention?

What is the woman’s problem and how might she solve it?

Do you think the solution will work? Say why.

Speculating: which words does a speaker use?

I’m _ that it _ affect all sorts of aspects of their lives.

I _ that if he’s always had this problem, he _ to live with it.

That’s ___ what artists have, wouldn’t you say?

It ___ that a picture just pops into their brain.

I _ that _ work.

• 1 the past (e.g. the reasons why your friend did not come to your family party).
• 2 the present (e.g. what some of your friends and family are doing now).
• 3 the future (e.g. results of a test you are waiting for).

Speculating about the past, present and future

• It might involve / have involved imagining …
• She must be / have been extremely busy …
• It can’t make / have made things any worse …
• I would imagine they’ll decide to / they have decided to …
• There’s always the chance that they’ll / they have …
• It’s highly likely that they’ll / they’ve …
• They may well decide / have decided that …
• I’d say it’s pretty certain that they’ll / they have …
• It’s my guess that they’ll / they have …
• It could be / have been that …
• I’m guessing they must put / have put you in …
• It could well be / have been out of his control …

• My gut feeling is that …
• I presume that would involve …

Your turn: photos and discussion

• 1 How could social media be used to help people with aphantasia or hyperphantasia?
• 2 What do you think is the best way to develop a child’s imagination? Should this be the role of a parent or a teacher? Say why.