Language and vocabulary study

1 Look at the examples. Then complete the grammar rules. Examples ‘We think you should spend more on marketing.’ They told / advised me to spend more on marketing. ‘You shouldn’t spend all your money.’ A lot of people told / advised / warned him not to spend all his money. ‘Don’t forget that business start-ups are really hard work.’ A friend told / advised / warned me that business start-ups were really hard work. ‘Don’t put all your profits into developing new ideas.’ Someone advised / warned me against putting all my profits into developing new ideas.

Complete the grammar rules

1 We use the verbs _ to report orders / instructions, and to report negative advice. 2 Tell, advise and warn are all followed by an object and the form of the verb. 3 When we use the word not, we put it the object and the infinitive. 4 After all three verbs, we can use that + a clause with a verb in a tense. 5 After advise and warn, we can use against + the form of the verb. 2 Report the pieces of advice in two different ways. 1 ‘You’d better not invest money in that company.’ A financial expert told . A financial expert warned . 2 ‘It would be better to spend more money on developing your new products.’ My father advised . My father told . 3 ‘Remember that the value of investments can go down as well as up.’ The article warned that . The article told readers . 4 ‘You should do a lot of market research before setting up a company.’ Everyone advised . Everyone told me that . 5 ‘Don’t spend money on things that you can’t really afford.’ My friend warned . My friend advised . 6 ‘It’s not a good idea to give up control just to get financial support.’ His advisor warned . His advisor told him that _ .

3 Look at the examples. Then answer the question. What is the connection in meaning between the phrasal verb break through and the noun a breakthrough? 4 Match the phrasal verbs with their meanings. Then join them into one-word nouns and use them to complete the sentences below. PHRASAL VERBS MEANINGS 1 take over

2 cut back

3 break down

4 take off

5 hand over

a leave the ground

b stop working properly c be ready if needed d reduce spending

f give responsibility to someone else

1 We were spending too much so we’ve had to introduce some s. 2 The _ period between the old manager and the new one was a difficult time. 3 There was a misunderstanding because of a in communications. 4 Please fasten your seat belt during and landing. 5 If this printer doesn’t work, there’s another one on . 6 We need to stop this _ of our business by a larger company.

Examples The prisoners broke through the fence and escaped. His big breakthrough came when he attended a ‘start-up weekend’.

Examples If it’s a physical product, you’ll need to find a way to have it made for you. Have the figures checked by someone who understands money. He learnt a lot about how to get his products noticed.

1 We make the ‘causative’ structure to have / get something done with the verbs _ or , followed by an object and a past . 2 We use the structure to talk about actions we don’t do ourselves, but ask / tell / pay someone else to do _ us. 1 Look at the examples. Then complete the grammar rules. Period 4 / Language and vocabulary study

cutback

Period 4 / Language and vocabulary study 2 Make sentences using have / get + the object in brackets + the past participle of a verb in the box.

sign service redecorate cut repair check

Example: You’d better (the car). The engine is starting to make some strange noises. You’d better have the car serviced. The engine is starting to make some strange noises. 1 He needs to (his watch) because it’s stopped working. 2 They had to (the kitchen) because of water damage. 3 You should (your hair) before you go for the interview. 4 I must (these letters) by the manager before he leaves. 5 I’m going to (this application) before I send it in case there are any mistakes. 3 Look at the examples. Then match the phrases 1–4 with their meanings. PREPOSITION + NOUN PHRASE MEANING 1 in business 2 on business 3 in time

a for business reasons

b with enough time, not missing something

d working in the business field

4 Replace the underlined parts of the sentences with a phrase made from in or on + a word in the box.

sale advance writing danger receipt debt

1 You can pay for the goods when you get them. You don’t need to pay before. 2 Borrowing can be a problem. You don’t want to find yourself owing people money. 3 The company is in the risky situation of having to close. 4 The new product will be available to buy from next month. 5 You have to apply for this job with a letter, not by phone or email.

Examples She has been in business since she left school. He’s away all next week on business. Luckily, the bus was late leaving, so we were in time to catch it. You have to be on time. We can’t wait for you.